Bibliography

Works of Allama Iqbal

(A) Works in Prose

Bedil in the Light of Bergson, ed. and annotated by Dr. Tehsin Firaqi, Lahore, 1988.The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (a contribution to the history of Muslim philosophy), London, 1908. Reprinted Lahore, 1954, 1959, 1964.

Ilm al-Iqtisad, Lahore, 1903. Rep. Karachi, 1962.

Six Lectures on the Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore, 1930. 2nd edn., with revision at about six places and quite a few proof-reading corrections and changes, and more importantly with the addition of Lecture: ‘Is Religion Possible?' and an Index, published under the title: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, London, 1934. Reprinted Lahore, 1944, many later edns. Reprinted Delhi, 1974. French trans. by de Eva Meyerovitch: Reconstruire la pensé e religieuse de l'Islam, Paris, 1955. Arabic trans. by ‘Abbas Mahmud: Tajdid al-Tafkir al-Din fi'l-Islam, Cairo, 1955. Urdu trans. by Sayyid Nadhir Niyazi: Tashkil-i Jadid Ilahiyat-i Islamiyah, Lahore, 1958. Persian trans. by Ahmad Aram, Ihya-i Fikr-i Din dar Islam, Tehran, 1967. Also translated at least in five more languages.

The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, ed. and annotated by M. Saeed Sheikh, Lahore, 1986, reprinted Lahore, 1989; Spanish trans. by Jose Esteban Calderon: La Reconstruction del Pensamiento Religioso en el Islam, Lahore 1989; Stray Reflections, A Note-Book of Allama Iqbal (1910), ed. by Javid Iqbal, Lahore, 1961.

Tarikh-i Tasawwuf (1916), ed. by Sabir Kalurvi, Lahore, 1985.

(B) Major Poetical Works (With English Translation)

Asrar-i Khudi trans. by R. A. Nicholson: The Secrets of the Self, London, 1920; rev. edn., Lahore, 1940, many later edns.

Bal-i Jibril (1935), trans. of the earlier two Parts (16 + 61 Ghazals) by Syed Akbar Ali Shah: Gabriel's Wing, Islamabad, 1979; trans. of six quatrains and of twenty-three poems from the last part (as also of some poems from other works) by V. G. Kiernan: Poems from Iqbal, London, 1955 (Part II).

Javid Namah (1932), trans. by Shaikh Mahmud Ahmad: The Pilgrimage of Eternity, Lahore, 1961, 1977; also by Arthur J. Arberry: Javid-Nama, London, 1966; trans. of the concluding section: Khitab ba Javid by B. A. Dar: Address to Javid, Karachi, 1971.

Payam-i Mashriq (1923), trans. by M. Hadi Hussain: A Message from the East, Lahore, 1977.

Rumuz-i Bekhudi, trans. by Arthur H. Arberry: The Mysteries of Selflessness, London, 1953.

Zabur-i ‘Ajam (1927), trans. by Arthur J. Arberry: Persian Psalms, Lahore, 1948; trans. of the all too important mathnawi Gulshan-i Raz-i Jadid (New Garden of Mystery) as well as Bandagi Namah (Book of Servitude), the closing parts of this work, by Bashir Ahmad Dar, Lahore, 1964; also by M. Hadi Hussain: The New Rose Garden of Mystery and the Book of Slaves, Lahore, 1969.

Complete poetical works in Persian and Urdu published in 2 vols. Kulliyat-i Iqbal: Farisi & Kulliyat-i Iqbal: Urdu, Lahore, 1973.

(C) Addresses, Articles, Letters, etc.

(i) Compilations in English

Discourses of Iqbal, ed. by Shahid Hussain Razzaqi, Lahore, 1979.

Iqbal by Atiya Begum, Bombay, 1947.

Letters and Writings of Iqbal, ed. by B. A. Dar, Karachi, 1967.

Letters of Iqbal, ed. by Bashir Ahmad Dar, Lahore, 1978.

Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah, with a Foreword by (Quaid-i-Azam) M. A. Jinnah, Lahore, 1942.

Mementos of Iqbal, compiled by Rahim Bakhsh Shaheen, Lahore, n.d.

Speeches, Writings and Statements of Iqbal ed. by Latif Ahmad Sherwani (3rd rev. and enlarged edn.), Lahore, 1977.

Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal, ed. by Syed Abdul Vahid, Lahore, 1964.

(ii) Major Compilations in Urdu

Anwar-i Iqbal, ed. by Bashir Ahmad Dar, Karachi, 1967.

Guftar-i Iqbal, ed. by M. Rafiq Afîal, Lahore, 1969.

Iqbalnamah (Majmu'ah-i Makatib-i Iqbal), ed. by Shaikh ‘Ata Ullah, 2 Parts, Lahore, 1945, 1951.

Khutut-i Iqbal, ed. and annotated by Rafi'-ud-Din Hashimi, Lahore, 1976.

Maqalat-i Iqbal, ed. by Sayyid ‘Abdul Vahid Mu'ini, Lahore, 1963.

Ruh-i Makatib-i Iqbal, ed. by M. ‘Abdullah Quraishi, Lahore, 1977 (a useful compendium of 1233 letters arranged chronologically).

(II) SECONDARY WORKS AND ARTICLES REFERRED

TO IN NOTES AND TEXT

(A) Works

‘Abd al-Qadir, ‘Ali Hasan, Nazarah ‘ÿmmah fi Tarikh al-Fiqh al-Islami, Cairo, 1942.

‘Abd al-Quddus Gangohi, Lata'if-i Quddusi, ed. by Shaikh Rukn al-Din, Delhi, 1311 A. H.

‘Abd al-Salam Khurshid, Dr, Sargudhasht-i Iqbal, Lahore, 1977.

‘Abdullah Anwar Beg, The Poet of the East, Lahore, 1939.

‘Abdullah Chaghata‘i, Dr, Iqbal ki Suhbat Men, Lahore, 1977.

‘Abu Dawud, Sulaiman b. al-Ash'ath al-Sijistani, Kitab al-Sunan, 4 vols. in 2, Cairo, 1935; English trans. by Ahmad Hasan, Sunan ‘Abu Dawud, 3 vols., Lahore, 1984.

Abu Rashid Sa‘id b. Muhammad b. Sa‘id al-Naisaburi, Kitab al-Masa'il fi'l-Khilaf bain Basriyyin wa'l-Baghdadiyyin ed. and trans. into German by Arthur Biram: Die atomistische Substanzenlehre aus dem Buch der Streitfragen Basrensern und Baghdadensern, Leyden, 1902.

Aghnides, Nicolas P., Mohammedan Theories of Finance (with an Introduction to Mohammedan Law and a Bibliography), New York, 1916; rep. 1969.

Ahmad b. Hanbal, Musnad, 6 vols., Beirut, n.d.

Ahmad Hasan, The Doctrine of Ijma‘ in Islam, Islamabad, 1976.

Ahmad Nabi Khan, Dr (ed.), Relics of Allama Iqbal (Catalogue), Islamabad, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Government of Pakistan, 1982.

Ahmad Sirhindi, Shaikh, Maktubat-i Imam-i Rabbani, Vol. I, Lahore, n.d.

‘Ain al-Qudat Hamadani, Ghayat al-Imkan fi Dirayat al-Makan, ed. by Rahim Farmanish in his compilation Ahwal-o-Athar ‘Ain al-Qudat, Tehran, 1338(S); Eng. trans. based on collation with Rampur Library MS by A. H. Kamali, Karachi, 1971.

Alexander, Samuel, Space, Time and Deity (The Gifford Lectures at Glasgow, 1916-1918), 2 Vols., London, 1920.

al-Amidi, Saif al-Din, Al-Ihkam fi UÄul al AÁkam, 4 Vols., Beirut, 1400/1980.

Arberry, A. J. (tr.) Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya' (Memorial of the Saints) by Farid al-Din al- ‘AÇÇar, London, 1979.

---, Revelation and Reason in Islam (The Forwood Lectures for 1956), London, 1957.

Asad, Muhammad, The Message of the Qur'an, Gibralter, 1980.

al-Ash‘ari, Abu'l-Hasan ‘Alib. Isma'il, Maqalat al-Islamiyin, ed. by Muhammad Muhy al-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid, 2 vols., Cairo, 1369/1950.

Ashnawi`, Shaikh Taj al-Din Mahmud b. Khudadad, Ghayat al-Imkan fi Ma'rifat al-Zaman wa'l-Makan, ed. by Nadhr Sabiri, Campbellpur, 1401 A.H.

Ashraf ‘Ali Thanawi, Maulana, Al-Hilat al-Najizah lil-Halilat al-'ÿjizah, Deoband, 1351 (1931).

Atiyeh, George N., Al-Kindi: The Philosopher of the Arabs, Rawalpindi, 1966.

‘AÇÇar, Farid al-Din, ManÇiq al-ñair, Isfahan, 1334(S).

Augustine, Saint, The Confessions of St. Augustine, trans. by E. B. Pusey, New York, 1945.

Becon, Roger, Opus Majus, Eng. trans. by R. B. Burke, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1928.

Bahiy, Muhammad al-, Al-Fikr al-Islami al-Àadith wa Silat bi'l-Istimar, Cairo.

al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr Muhammad b. al-Tayyib, Kitab al-Tamhid, ed. by Richard J. McCarthy, Beyrouth, 1957.

Barstrow, Robbins Wolcott (ed.), The Macdonald Presentation Volume, Princeton, 1933.

Bergson, Henri Louis, Creative Evolution, trans. by Arthur Mitchell, London, 1911.

---, Matter and Memory, trans. by Nancy Margaret Paul & W. Scott Palmer (pseud), London, 1911.

---, Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, trans. by F. L. Pogson, London, 1910.

Berkes, Niyazi, The Development of Secularism in Turkey, Montreal, 1964.

al-Biruni, Abu Raihan, Al-Qanun al-Mas‘udi, vol. I, Hyderabad (Deccan), 1373/1954.

Al-Biruni Commemoration Volume (A. H. 362-A.H. 1362), Calcutta, Iran Society, 1951.

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna, The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy, 6 vols., Adyar (Madras), 1971.

de Boer, Tjitze J., Geschichte der Philosophie im Islam (Stuttgart, 1901), trans. by Edward R. Jones: The History of Philosophy in Islam, London, 1903.

Bonola, Roberto, Non-Euclidean Geometry: A Critical and Historical, Study of Its Development, Chicago, 1912.

Bradley, Francis Herbert, Appearance and Reality: A Metaphysical Essay, Oxford, 1930.

---, Ethical Studies, Oxford, 1927.

---, The Principles of Logic, 2 vols., Oxford, 1922.

Briffault, Robert, The Making of Humanity, London, 1923.

Brockelmann, Carl, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, 2 vols., Leiden, 1943, 1949; Supplementbä nde, 3 vols., Leiden, 1937, 1938, 1942.

Browne, Robert T., The Mystery of Space (A Study of the Hyperspace Movement in the Light of the Evolution of New Psychic Faculties and an Inquiry into the Genesis and Essential Nature of Space), New York & London, 1919.

Brunschvig, R., La Berberie orientale sous les Hafasides, Paris, 1947.

al-Bukhari, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad b. Isma'il, IaÁiÁ al-Bukhari, Arabic text with Eng. trans. by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, 9 vols., Lahore, 1979.

Burnet, John, Greek Philosophy: Thales to Plato, London, 1961.

Cajori, F., A History of Elementary Mathematics, New York, 1917.

Carr, W. Wildon, The General Principle of Relativity in Its Philosophical and Historical Aspect, London, 1920.

---, (ed.), Life and Finite Individuality, London, 1918.

---, A Theory of Monads: Outlines of the Philosophy of the Principle of Relativity, London, 1922.

Carra de Vaux, Baron Bernard, Avicenne, Paris, 1900.

Cornford, F. M., Plato's Theory of Knowledge (The Theaetetus and the Sophist of Plato, trans. with a running commentary), London, 1946.

Coulson, N. J., A History of Islamic Law, Edinburgh, 1964.

Darimi, Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Abd al-Rahman, Sunan al-Darimi, 2 vols., Damascus, 1349/1930.

Dawani, Jalal al-Din, Risalat al-Zaura', Cairo, 1326/1908.

Denison, John Hopkins, Emotion as the Basis of Civilization, New York & London, 1928.

Descartes, Rene, The Geometry, trans. by D. E. Smith & M. L. Latham, Chicago, 1925.

---,The Philosophical Works of Descartes, trans. by E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross, 2 vols., London, 1911, 1912.

Durant, Will, The Age of Faith, New York, 1950.

---, Caesar and Christ, New York, 1944.

Eddington, Arthur Stanley, The Nature of the Physical World (Gifford Lectures 1927), London, 1928.

---, Space, Time and Gravitation: An Outline of the General Relativity Theory, Cambridge, 1920.

Eliade, Mircea (Editor in Chief), The Encyclopedia of Religion, 16 vols, New York & London, 1987.

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 24 vols., Chicago, London & Toronto, 1953.

Encyclopaedia of Islam, The, 4 vols., Leiden & London, 1913-1934; Supplement (in 5 parts), 1934-1938.

Encyclopaedia of Islam, The, New Edition, Leiden & London, 1954 (in progress).

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, 13 vols., Edinburgh & New York, 1908-1927.

Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 14 vols., in 8, New York, 1950.

Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, The, 8 vols. in 4, New York & London, 1967.

Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The, 4 vols., New York, 1984.

Encyclopedia of Religion, An, ed. by Vergilius Ferm, New York, 1945.

Fahri, F. Ziyaeddin, Ziya Gö kalp: sa vie et sa sociologie, Paris, 1935.

Fakhry, Majid, A History of Islamic Philosophy, New York & London, 1970.

---, Islamic Occasionalism and Its Critique by Averroes and Aquinas, London, 1958.

Farnell, Lewis Richard, The Attributes of God (The Gifford Lectures delivered in the University of St. Andrews in the year 1924-25), London, 1925.

Feigel, Herbert & May Brodbeck (eds.), Readings in the Philosophy of Science, New York, 1953.

Fischer, August, Aus der religiö sen Reformbewegung in der Tü rkei, Leipzig, 1922.

Flint, Robert, History of the Philosophy of History in France, Belgium and Switzerland, Edinburgh, 1893.

Fu'ad ‘Abd al-Baqi, Muhammad, al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li Alfaz al-Qur'an al-Karim, Cairo, 1364/1945.

Fyzee, Asaf A. A., Outlines of Muhammedan Law, London, 1955.

al-GhaZzali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, trans. by Claud Field: Confessions of al-Ghazali, London, 1909, also in W. Montgomery Watt, The Faith and Practice of al-GhazZali, London, 1953, pp. 19-85.

---, Al-Mustasfamin ‘Ilm al-UÄul, 2 vols., Cairo, 1937.

---, Al-Qistas al-Mustaqim, trans. with Intro. and Notes by D. P. Brewster: The Just Balance, Lahore, 1978.

---, Tahafut al-Falasifah, trans. by Sabih Ahmad Kamali: Incoherence of the Philosophers, Lahore, 1958.

Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Iqbal aur Qur'an, Lahore, 1977.

Gibb, H. A. R., Modern Trends in Islam (The Haskell Lectures in Comparative Religion, 1945), New York, 1947, reprint 1978.

---, & J. H. Kramers (eds), Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, Leiden & London, 1953.

Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 16 vols., New York, 1970-80.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von, Conversation of Goethe with Eckermann and Soret, trans. by John Oxenford, London, 1901.

Gö kalp, Ziya, Ziya Gö kalp kü lliyati'i: Sü rler ve halk masallari, ed. by F. A. Tansel, Ankara, 1952.

---,Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization: Selected Essays of Ziya Gö kalp, trans. & ed. by Niyazi Berkes, London & New York, 1959.

Goldziher, Ignaz, Muhammadanische Studien, 2 vols., (1889-90), Hildsheim, 1961; trans. by C. R. Barber & S. M. Stern, Muslim Studies, 2 vols., London, vol. I: 1967, vol. II: 1971.

---,The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and Their History, trans. by Wolfgang Behn, Leiden, 1971.

Gunn, J. Alexander, The Problem of Time: A Historical and Critical Study, London, 1929.

Gwatkin, H. M. & J. P. Whitney (eds.), The Cambridge Medieval History, 2 vols., London, 1911, 1913.

Àaji Khalifah, Mustafab. ‘Abd Allah, Kashf al-Zunun ‘an al-Asami'l-Kutub wa'l-Funun, 2 vols., Istanbul, 1941-43.

al-Hajwi, Muhammad b. al-Hasan, Al-Fikr al-Samifi Tarikh al-Fiqh al-Islami, 4 vols., Rabat-Fez-Tunis, 1345-49/1926-31.

Haldane, Viscount Richard Burdon, The Reign of Relativity, London, 1921.

al-Hallaj, Husain b. Mansur, Kitab al-Tawasin, Arabic text and Persian version of Baqli, ed. by Louis Massignon, Paris, 1913; French translation by L. Massignon in La passion d'al-Àallaj, II, 830-93; Eng. trans. by Aisha Abd Ar-Rahman, Berkeley & London, 1974; also in Gilani Kamran: Ana al-Haqq Reconsidered, Lahore, 1398 A. H., pp. 55-108.

Hamidullah, Dr M. (ed.), Sahifa Hammam-Bin-Munabbih (Arabic text with Urdu trans.), Hyderabad (Deccan), 1956.

Hanif Nadvi, Muhammad, ‘Aqliyat-i Ibn-i Taimiyyah, Lahore, 1981.

Hassan, Riffat, The Sword and the Sceptre (A collection of writings on Iqbal), Lahore, 1977.

Heath, Sir Thomas Little (tr.), The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, vol. I, Cambridge, 1926.

Heyd, Uriel, Foundations of Turkish Nationalism: The Life and Teachings of Ziya Gö kalp, London, 1950.

Hitti, Philip Khuri, History of the Arabs, London & New York, 1951.

Hocking, William Ernest, The Meaning of God in Human Experience, New Haven, 1955.

Hoernle, R. F. Alfred, Matter, Life, Mind and God (Five Lectures on Contemporary Tendencies of Thought), London, 1923.

Holy Bible, The (Authorised King James Version), London & New York, n.d.

Horten, Max, Die Hauptlehren des Averroes nach seiner Shrift: Die Widerlegung des Gazali, Bonn, 1913.

Hourani, George F. (ed.), Essays on Islamic Philosophy and Science, Albany, 1975.

al-Hujwiri, ‘Alib. ‘Uthman, Kashf al-Mahjub (Iran Pakistan Institute of Persian Studies, Publication no. 29), Lahore, 1398/1978; Eng. trans. by R. A. Nicholson, London, 1911.

Ibn AbiZar, Abu'l-Hasan ‘Alib. ‘Abd Allah, Raud al-Qirtas (Upsala, 1843); French trans. by A. Beaumier: Histoire des souverains du Magreb . . .' Paris, 1860.

Ibn al-‘Arabi, Muhy al-Din, Fusus al-Hikam, ed. & annotated by Abu'l-'Ala'Afifi, 2 vols., Cairo, 1365/1946.

Ibn Hazm, ‘Alib. Ahmad, Kitab al-Fisal fi'l-Milal wa'l-Ahwa' wa'-l-Nihal, 4 vols., Cairo, 1311-1312.

---, Al-Taqrib li-Hadd al-Mantiq, ed. by Dr Ihsan Abbas (from the only MS 6814, al-Maktabat al-Ahmadiyah, Tunis), Beirut, 1959.

Ibn Jama'ah, Badr al-Din, Tahrir al-Ahkam fi'l-Tadbir Ahl al-Islam, ed. & trans. into German by Hans Kofler in Islamica, VI (1934), 349-414 and VII (1935), 1-64.

Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, trans. by Franz Rosenthal, 3 vols., New York & London, 1958.

Ibn Majah, Abu'Abd Allah Muhammad b. Yazid, Sunan, ed. by Muhammad Fu'a`d ‘Abd al-Ba`qi, 2 vols., Cairo, 1952-53.

Ibn Maskawaih, Abu ‘Ali Ahmad, Al-Fauz al-Asghar, Cairo, 1325 A.H.; Eng. trans. by Khwaja Abdul Hamid in Ibn Maskawaih: A Study of His Al-Fauz al-Asghar, Part I, Lahore, 1946.

Ibn Qutaibah, ‘Abd Allah b. Muslim, Kitab al-Ma‘arif, ed. by Tharwat ‘Ukashah, Cairo, 1960 (Urdu trans. by Dr Zia-ul-Haq: Ph. D. Dissertation, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 1950).

---, Kitab Ta'wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith, ed. by Faraj Allah Zaki`al-Kurdi`, et. al., Cairo, 1326 A.H.

Ibn Rushd, Averroes' Tahafut al-Tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence), trans. with Intro. and Notes by Simon van den Bergh, 2 vols., London, 1954.

Ibn Taimiyyah, Kitab al-Radd ‘alaal-ManÇiqiyin, ed. by ‘Abd al-Samad Sharaf al-Di`n al-Kurtubi, Bombay, 1949.

Ikram, S. M., Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, Lahore, 1977.

Iqbal As A Thinker (Essays by Eminent Scholars), Lahore, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1944.

Isfra'ini, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim, Al-Tabsir fi'l-Din wa Tamiz al-Firqat al-Najiyah ‘an al-Firaq al-Halikin, Cairo, 1374 A.H.

Islahi, Amin Ahsan, Tadabbar-i-Qur'an (1967-1980), Fourth reprint, 9 vols., Lahore, 1989.

James, William, Human Immortality (Ingersoll Lecture at Harvard University for 1898), London, 1917.

---, The Principles of Psychology, 2 vols. in 1, New York, 1950.

---, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (Gifford Lectures, 1901-1902), London & New York, 1902.

Jami, ‘Abd al-Rahman, Lawaih (A Treatise on Sufism) ed. & trans. by E. H. Whinfield and Mirza M. Kazwini, London, 1906. Rep., Lahore, 1978.

Jung, Carl Gustav, Contribution to Analytical Psychology, trans. by H. G. & Cary F. Baynes, London, 1928.

---, Psychology of the Unconscious, trans. by B. M. Hinkle, London, 1919.

Kahhalah, ‘Umar Riîa, Mu'jam al-Mu‘allifin: Tarajim Musannifi'l-Kutub al-'Arabiyyah, 15 vols. in 8, Damascus, 1957-61.

Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. by N. Kemp Smith, London, 1953.

Khuda Bukhsh, Salahuddin, Politics in Islam (von Kremer's ‘Staatsidee des Islam': enlarged and amplified), Lahore, 1948.

al-Khudari, Muhammad, Tarikh al-Tashri' al-Islami, (Cairo, 1926) Urdu trans. by ‘Abd al-Salam Nadvi: Tarikh-i Fiqh-i Islami, A'zamgarh, 1346 A.H.

Kirkpatrick, F. (ed.), Lectures on the History of the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge, 1904.

Kohler, W., The Mentality of Apes, trans. by Ella Winter, London, 1924.

Lammens, H., Islam, Beliefs and Institutions, trans. by Sir E. Denison Ross, London, 1929.

Lane, Edward William, An Arabic-English Lexicon, Parts 1-8, 8 vols., ed. by Stanley Lane-poole, New York, 1950-56.

Lewes, George Henry, The Biographical History of Philosophy, London, 1857.

Macdonald, Duncan Black, Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory, New York, 1903; rep. Lahore, 1960.

---, The Religious Attitude and Life in Islam (The Haskell Lectures on Comparative Religion, 1906), Beyrouth, 1965.

McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis, Nature of Existence, ed. by C. D. Broad, Cambridge, 1927.

---, Philosophical Studies, ed. by S. V. Keeling, London, 1934.

---, Studies in the Hegelian Dialectic, Cambridge, 1922.

Mahmansani, Sobhi (Mahmasani, Subhi), Falsafat al-Tashri' fi'l-Islam (Beirut, 1952); trans. by Farhat J. Ziadeh: The Philosophy of Jurisprudence in Islam, Leiden, 1961; Urdu trans. by M. Ahmad Riîvi: Falsafah-i Shari‘at- Islam, Lahore, 1981.

Maimonides, Moses, The Guide of the Perlexed, trans. by Shlomo Pines, with introductory essay by Leo Strauss, Chicago, 1963.

al-Marghinani, Burhan al-Din, Al-Hidayah: Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi, 4 vols., Cairo 1326-27 A.H., trans. by Charles Hamilton: The Hedaya or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws, 2nd edn., London, 1870; rep. Lahore, 1957.

Margoliouth, David Samuel, The Early Development of Mohammedanism, London, 1914.

---, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, New York, 1905.

Mas'ud; Dr Khalid, Iqbal ka Tasawwur-i Ijtihad, Islamabad, 1985.

Merchant, Muhammad Valibhai, A Book of Quranic Laws, Lahore, 1947.

Metz, Rudolf, A Hundred Years of British Philosophy, trans. from German by J. W. Harvey, et. al., and ed. by J. H. Muirhead, London, 1938.

Monzavi, Ahmad, A Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts, vol. II, Pt. I, Tehran, 1934(S).

Morgan, C. L., Emergent Evolution, London, 1923.

Munk, Salomon, Mé langes de philosophie Juive et arabe, Paris, 1859.

Murphy, Gardner, Historical Introduction to Modern Psychology, London, 1949.

Muslim, Abu'l-Husain b. al-Hajjaj al-Nisaburi, Al-IahiÁ, 8 vols., Cairo, 1334 A.H.; Eng. trans. by ‘Abdul Hamid Siddiqi: Sahih Muslim, 4 vols., Lahore, 1976-81.

Nadhir Niyazi, Sayyid, Iqbal ke Huîur, Karachi, 1971.

Nasa'i, Ahmad b. Shu'aib, Sunan, Cairo, 1930.

al-Nashshar, ‘Ali Sami, Manahij al-Bahth ‘inda Mufakkiri'l-Islam wa Naqd al-Muslimin lil-Mantiq al-Aristutalisi, Cairo, 1367/1947.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for the Study by the Ikhwan al-Safa', al-Biruni and Ibn Sina, Cambridge (Mass.), 1964.

Naumann, Joseph Friedrick, Briefe Ü ber Religion, Berlin, 1916.

---, Mitteleuropa, trans. by C. M. Meredith: Central Europe, London, 1916.

New Encyclopaedia Britannica, The (Propaedia, Micropaedia and Macropaedia), 30 Vols., Chicago, London, Toronto, etc., 1973, 1985.

Newton, Sir Isaac, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, trans. by Andrew Motte, 3 vols., London, 1803.

Nicholson, Reynold A., A Literary History of the Arabs, Cambridge, 1953.

Nietsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche, trans. by W. A. Haussmann, et. al., ed. by Oscar Levy, 18 Vols., Edinburgh, 1909-14.

Ouspensky, Peter Demianovich, Tertium Organum: A Key to the Enigmas of the World, (1912), trans. by Nicholas Bessaraboff & Claude Bragdon, London, 1926.

Passamore, John, A Hundred Years of Philosophy, Harmondsworth, 1975.

Rafi' al-Din Hashimi, Dr. Tasanif-i Iqbal Ka Tahqiqi-o-TauîiÁi MuÇala'ah, Lahore, 1982.

al-Raghib, Abu'l-Qasim al-Husain, Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Qur'an, Beirut, n.d.

Rahim Bakhsh Shahin, Auraq-i Gumgashtah, Lahore, 1975.

---, Mementos of Iqbal, Lahore n.d.

Rahman, Fazlur, Selected Letters of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, Karachi, 1968.

---, Major Themes of the Qur'an, Minneapolis, 1980.

Raschid, M. Salman, Iqbal's Concept of God, London, 1981.

Razi, Fakhr al-Din, Al-Mabahith al-Mashriqiyyah, vol. I, Hyderabad (Deccan), 1343 A.H.

---, Al-Tafsir al-Kabir, 8 vols., Cairo, 1307 A.H.

Renan, Ernst, Averroes et l'averroisme: essai historique, Paris, 1882; Urdu trans. by Ma'shu`q Husain: Ibn-i Rushd wa Falsafah-i Ibn-i Rushd, Hyderabad (Deccan), 1347/1929.

Rescher, Nicholas, The Development of Arabic Logic, Pittsburgh, 1964.

Rodwell, J. M. (tr.), The Koran (1861), London, 1948.

Ross, William David, Aristotle, London, 1923.

Rougier, Louis, Philosophy and the New Physics: An Essay on the Relativity Theory and the Theory of Quanta, authorised trans. by Morton Masius, Philadelphia, 1921.

Royce, Josiah, The World and the Individual (Gifford Lectures), 2 vols., London, 1900.

Rumi, Maulana Jalal al-Din, Mathnawi-i Ma'nawi, text ed. and trans. and commentary by Reynold A. Nicholson: The Mathnawiof Jalalu'ddin Rumi, 8 vols., London, 1925-40.

Runes, D. D. (ed.), The Dictionary of Philosophy, New York, 1982.

Russell, Bertrand, History of Western Philosophy, London, 1949.

---, Mysticism and Logic, London, 1949.

---, Our Knowledge, of the External World, London, 1949.

Sa‘id Ahmad Akbarabadi, Khutabat-i Iqbal per ek Naïr, Srinagar, 1983; reprinted, Lahore, 1987.

Sa‘id b. Ahmad al-Andalusi, ñabaqat al-Umam, Beirut, n.d.

al-Sa‘idi, ‘Abd al-Muta‘al, Al-Mujaddidun fi'l-Islam, Cairo, n.d.

al-Salawi, Ahmad b. Khalid al-Nasiri, Al-Istiqsa' li Akhbar Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqsa, vol. II, al-Dar al-Baida, 1954.

Salik, ‘Abd al-Majid, Dhikr-i Iqbal, Lahore, 1955.

Salim Akhtar (ed.), Fikr-i Iqbal Ke Munawwar Goshay, Lahore, 1973.

al-Sarakhsi, Shams al-A'immah AbuBakr Muhammad b. Ahmad, UÄul al-Sarakhsi, Cairo, 1373/1954.

Sarkhwush, Muhammad Afdal (ed.) Kalimat al-Shu‘ara', Lahore, n.d.

Sarton, George, Introduction to the History of Science, 3 vols. in 5, Baltimore, 1927-48.

Sayyid Sulaiman Nadvi, Sair-i Afghanistan, Hyderabad (Deccan), 1945.

Schacht, Joseph, The Origins of Muhammedan Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1953.

---, with C. E. Bosworth (eds.), The Legacy of Islam, 2nd edn., Oxford, 1974.

Schilpp, P. A. (ed.), Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, New York, 1951.

Schimmel, Annemarie, Gabriel's Wing (A Study in to the Religious Ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal), Leiden, 1963.

---, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, Chapel Hill, 1975.

Schmö lders, August, Essai sur les Ecoles philosophiques chez les Arabes, et notament sur la doctrine d'Algazzali, Paris, 1842.

Schopenhauer, Arthur, World as Will and Idea, trans. by R. B. Haldane & John Kemp, vol. I, London, 1923.

Servier, Andre, Islam and the Psychology of Musulman, trans. by A. S. Moss-Blandell, London, 1924.

Shabistari, Mahmud, Gulshan-i Raz, ed. and trans. by E. H. Whinfield: Gulshan-i Raz: The Mystic Rose Garden, London, 1880; rep. Lahore, 1978.

Shafi'i, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad, Islamic Jurisprudence: Shafi'is Risala, trans. with intro. and notes by Majid Khadduri, Baltimore, 1961.

al-Shahrastani, Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-Karim, Kitab al-Milal wa'l-Nihal, ed. by W. Cureton, London, 1846.

Shams al-Haqq, ‘Aun al-Ma'bud li-Hall-i Mushkilat Sunan AbuDawud, 4 vols., Multan, 1399 A.H.

Sharif, M. M. (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy (with Short Accounts of Other Disciplines and Modern Renaissance in Muslim Lands), 2 vols., Wiesbaden, 1963, 1966.

al-Shatibi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Musa, Al-Muwafiqat fi Usul al-Ahkam, 4 vols., Cairo, 1341 A.H.

al-Shaukani, Muhammad b. ‘Ali, Irshad al-Fuhul, Cairo, 1356 A.H.

Sheikh, M. Saeed, A Dictionary of Muslim Philosophy, Lahore, 1981.

Shibli Nu'mani, ‘Ilm al-Kalam, Agra, n.d.

---, Al-Kalam, Cawnpore, 1904.

---, Shi'r al-'Ajam, vol. III, ÿzamgarh, 1945.

Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi Maqtul, Kitab Hikmat al-Israq, ed. by Henri Corbin, Tehran, 1952.

Siddiqi, Dr Abu'l-Laith (ed. and annotator), Malfuzat-i Iqbal, Lahore, 1977.

Siddiqi, Mazheruddin, Concept of Muslim Culture in Iqbal, Islamabad, 1970.

Siddiq Hasan Khan, Muhammad, Husul al-Ma'mul min ‘Ilm al-UÄul, Lucknow, 1298 A.H.

Siddiq, Muhammad, Descriptive Catalogue of Allama Iqbal's Personal Library, Lahore, 1983.

Smith, Norman Kemp, A Commentary to Kant's ‘Critique of Pure Reason', New York, 1923.

Spencer, Herbert, First Principles: A System of Synthetic Philosophy, London, 1911.

Spengler, Oswald, The Decline of the West, trans. by C. E. Atkinson, 2 vols. in one, London, 1954.

Sprenger, Aloys, Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammed, 3 vols., Berlin, 1861-65.

Steinberg, S. H. (ed.), Cassell's Encyclopaedia of Literature, vol. I, London, 1953.

Stockl, Albert, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelaters, vol. II, Bonn, 1865.

al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, Àusn al-Muhadarah fi Akhbar Misr wa'l-Qahirah, vol. I, Cairo, 1299 A.H.

Tauqan, Qadri Hafiz, Turath al-'Arab al-'Ilmi, Cairo, 1382/1963.

Thadani, Nanikram Vasanmal, The Garden of the East, Karachi, 1932.

al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad b. ‘¥sa, Al-Jami' al-Sahih, ed. by Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, 3 vols., Cairo, 1356/1937.

Tourneau, R. Le, The Almohad Movement in North Africa in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, Princeton, 1969.

Toynbee, A., A Study of History, Vol. III, London, 1934.

Tsanoff, Radoslav A., The Problem of Immortality: Studies in Personality and Value, London, 1924.

al-ñusi, Nasir al-Din, ‘Al-Risalat al-Shafiyah an al-Shakk fi'l-Khutut al-Mutawaziyah' in (ñusi's) Rasa'il, vol. II, Hyderabad (Deccan), 1359 A.H.

Tyan, Emile, Institutions du droit public musulman, Tome II: Sultanat et califat, Paris, 1956.

Vaihinger, Hans, The Philosophy of ‘As If', trans. by C. K. Ogden, London, 1924.

Wahid-ud-Din, Faqir Sayyid, Ruzgar-i Faqir, Lahore, 1963.

Wali Allah, Shah, Àujjat Allah al-Balighah, Vol. I, Cairo, 1322 A.H., Urdu trans. by Maulana'Abd al-Rahim, Lahore, 1961.

Whinfield, E. H. (tr.), Masnavi-i Ma‘navi (Spiritual Couplets of Maulana Jalalud-Din Muhammad Rumi: trans. & abridged), London, 1898.

Whitehead, Alfred North, The Concept of Nature, Cambridge, 1920.

---, Religion in the Making (Lowell Lectures in Boston in 1926), New York & Cambridge, 1926.

---, Science and the Modern World (Lowell Lectures in Boston in 1925), New York, 1925.

Wolfson, Harry Austryn, The Philosophy of the Kalam, Cambridge, Mass., 1976.

Yunus Farangi Mahalli, Muhammad, Ibn Rushd, A'zamgarh, 1324 A.H.

Zahid al-Kauthari, Husn al-Taqadifi Sirat al-Imam Abi Yusuf al-Qaîi, Cairo, 1948.

al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din Muhammad, b. Bahadur, Al-Burhan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur'an, ed. by Muhammad Abu 'l-Fadl al-Rahim, 2 vols., Cairo, 1391/1972.

al-Zirikli, Khair al-Din, Al-A'lam: Qamus Tarajim li-Ashhar al-Rijal wa'l-Nisa' min al-'Arab wa'l-Musta'ribin wa'l-Mustashriqin, 10 vols. in 5, Cairo, 1373-78/1954-59; rev. edn., 8 vols., Beirut, 1979.

(B) Articles

Arendonk, C. van, ‘Ibn Hazm', The Encyclopaedia of Islam (First edition), II, 384-86.

Arnaldez, Roger, & A. Z. Iskander, ‘Ibn Rushd', Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XII, 1-9.

Arnheim, R., ‘Gestalt', Encyclopedia of Psychology, II, 58-60.

Barker, Henry, ‘Berkeley', section: ‘Metaphysics of Immaterialism', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 526b-528b.

Bassett, R., ‘Ibn Tumart', The Encyclopaedia of Islam, II, 425-27; also Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, pp. 152-54.

Bausani, A., ‘Concept of Time in the Religious Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal', Die Welt des Islams, N. S., III (1954), 158-86.

Beare, Mary, ‘Faust' in S. H. Steinberg (ed.), Cassell's Encyclopaedia of Literature, I, 217-19.

de Boer, T. J., ‘Atomic Theory (Muhammadan)', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 202b-203b.

Bohr, Niels, ‘Atom', Encyclopaedia Britannica, II, 642-47.

Broad, C. D., ‘Time' Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, XII, 334a-345a.

Browne, E. G., ‘Pan– Islamism' in F. Kirkpatrick (ed.), Lectures on the History of the Nineteenth Century.

Bü tler, R. A., ‘Kitab al-Tawasin of al-Àallaj, Journal of the University of Baluchistan, 1/2 (Autumn 1981), 49-117.

Carr, H. Wildon, ‘The Idealistic Interpretation of Einstein's Theory', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, N. S., XXII (1921-22), 123-27.

Carra de Vaux, B., ‘Averroes, Averroism', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 264-66; ‘Ibn Rushd,' The Encyclopaedia of Islam, II, 410-13.

Dar, Bashir Ahmad, ‘Iqbal Aur Mas'alah-i Zaman-o-Makan,' in Salim Akhtar (ed.) Fikr-i-Iqbal ke Munawwar Goshay (Lahore, 1977), pp. 141-51.

Deussen, Paul, ‘Atman', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 195b-197b.

Diwald, Susanna, ‘Kitab al-Qistas al-Mustaqim', Der Islam, XXXVI (1961), 171-74.

Dray, W. H., ‘Spengler, Oswald', The Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, VII, 527-30.

Dummet, Michael, ‘A Defence of McTaggart's Proof of the Unreality of Time', Philosophical Review, LXIX ( 1960), 497-504.

Ehsan Elahie, Rana M. N., ‘Iqbal on the Freedom of Ijtihad,' Oriental College Magazine (Allama Iqbal Centenary Number), LIII (1977), 295-330. Contains facsimiles of Allama Iqbal's recently discovered four letters to Professor Maulavi Muhammad Shafi' from 13 March 1924 to 1 May 1924.

Emmet, Dorothy M., ‘Alexander, Samuel', The Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, I, 69-73.

Forster, E. M., ‘The Secrets of the Self (Asrar-i-Khudi)', The Athenaeum (10 December 1920), pp. 803-04; a book review reproduced in Dr Riffat Hasan (ed.), The Sword and the Sceptre, pp. 277-85.

Frank, Philipp, ‘Philosophical Interpretations and Misinterpretations of the Theory of Relativity', in Herbert Feigel & May Brodbeck (ed.), Readings in the Philosophy of Science, pp. 212-31.

Gilman, Richard C., ‘Hocking, William Ernest', Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, IV, 46-47.

Goldziher, Ignaz, ‘Dawud B. ‘Ali B. Khalf', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, V, 405-06 ‘Ibn Hazm', ibid., VII, 70-72.

---, ‘Materialien zur Kenntniss der Almohadenbewegung', Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlä ndischen Gesellschaft, XLI (1887), 30-140.

Haldane, J.S., ‘Are Physical, Biological and Psychological Categories Irreducible?', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, XVIII (1917-18), 419-36.

Halperin, D.J., ‘The Ibn Sayya`d Traditions and the Legend of al-Dajjal,' Journal of the American Oriental Society, XCII/ii (1976), 213-25.

Hanney, A. Howard (ed.), ‘Abstract of the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society for the Fifty-Fourth Session,' Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, N.S., XXIII (1932-33), 341-43 (contains a brief report about Allama Iqbal's lecture: ‘Is Religion Possible?' on 5 December 1932).

Haque, Serajul, ‘Ibn Taimiyya's Conception of Analogy and Consensus', Islamic Culture, XVII (1943), 77-87; ‘Ibn Taimiyyah' in M. M. Sharif (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, II, 796-819.

Hashimi, Rafi'al-Din, ‘Allamah ke Chand Ghair-Mudawwan KhuÇuÇ', Iqbal Review, XXIII/iv (Jan. 1983), 41-59 (reproduces Allama Iqbal's letter dated 6 May 1937 addressed to Professor Dr Syed Zafarul Hasan, which indicates that Allama had gathered ‘material' for his proposed Rhodes Memorial Lectures on ‘Space and Time in Muslim Thought').

Haydar Ali Dirioz, ‘Tevfik Fikret', Journal of the Regional Cultural Institute, I/4 (Autumn 1968), 12-15.

Haynie, H. A., ‘Helmholtz, Hermann von', Encyclopedia of Psychology, II, 103.

Heisenberg, W., ‘Ü ber den anschaulischen Inhalt der quanten theoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik', Zeitschrift fü r Physik, XLIII (1927), 172-98.

Hopkins, J. F. P., ‘Ibn Tumart', The Encyclopaedia of Islam (New edition), III, 958-60.

Hourani, G. F., ‘The Dialogue Between Al-Ghazzali and the Philosophers on the Origin of the World', The Muslim World, XLVIII/iii and iv (1958), 183-91, 308-14.

Hussain, Riaz, ‘1910 men Dunya-i Islam ke Halat (‘Political Conditions of the Islamic World in 1910)', Iqbal Review, XIX/2 (July 1978), 85-90 (focussed on Allama Iqbal's letter dated 22 August 1910 addressed to the Editor, Paisa Akhbar - an Urdu daily of Lahore).

Imtiyaz ‘Ali Khan ‘Arshi, M., ‘Zaman-o Makan ki Bahth ke Muta'allaq ‘Allamah Iqbal ka aik Ma'akhadh: ‘Iraqiya Ashnawi', Iqbal Centenary Papers Presented at the International Congress on Allama Mohammad Iqbal (2-8 December 1977), vol. IV (Papers in Urdu), pp. 1-10.

Jacobi, Hermann, ‘Atomic Theory (Indian)', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 199a-202b.

Kazim, M. A., ‘Al-Biruni and Trignometry', Al-Biruni Commemoration Volume, pp. 161-70.

Kennedy, E. S., ‘Al-Biruni Abu Raihan', Dictionary of Scientific Biography, II, 147-68 (bases al-Biruni's ‘theory of function' on his ‘Treatise on Shadows').

Koffka, K., ‘Gestalt', Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, VI, 642-46.

Kofler, Hans, ‘Handbuch des islamischen Staats und Verwaltungsrechtes von Badr-ad-Din ibn Gama'ah. Herausgegeben, abersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen', Islamics VI (1934), 349-414, VII (1935), 1-64 and Schlü ssheft (1938), 18-129 (Arabic text with German trans. of Ibn Jama'ah's Tahrir al-Ahkam fi Tadbir Ahl al-Islam).

Kroll, Wilhelm, ‘Atomic Theory (Greek)', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 197a-99a.

Laoust, H, ‘Ibn Taimiyya', The Encyclopaedia of Islam (New edition), III, 951-55.

McCarthy, R. J., ‘Al-Bakillani,' The Encyclopaedia of Islam (New edition), I, 958-59.

Macdonald, D.B., ‘Continuous Re-creation and Atomic Time in Moslem Scholastic Theology', Isis, IX (1927), 326-44; reprinted in The Moslem World, XVIII/i (Jan. 1928), 6-28.

---, ‘Ijtihad,' The Encyclopaedia of Islam, II, 448-49; reproduced in the New edition, III, 1026-27.

McTaggert, J. M. E., ‘The Unreality of Time', Mind, New Series, XVII (October 1908), 457-74.

Margoliouth, D. S., ‘Al-Mahdi', Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, pp. 310-13.

Marmura, Michael E., ‘Ghazali's Attitude to the Secular Sciences and Logic', in George F. Hourani (ed.), Essays on Islamic Philosophy and Science, pp. 100-11.

---, ‘Soul: Islamic Concepts', The Encyclopedia of Religion, XIII, 460-65.

Mas‘ud, Khalid, ‘Khutubati Iqbal men Ijtihad ki Ta'rif: Ijtihad ka Tarikhi Pas-i Manzar,' Fikr-o-Nazar, XV/vii-viii, (Islamabad, Jan., Feb. 1978), 31-53.

Namus, Dr M. S., ‘Ibn al-Haitham: The Greatest Physicist of Islam', in Hakim Mohammad Said (ed.), Ibn Haitham: Proceedings of the Celebrations of 1000th Anniversary (1-10 Nov. 1969, Karachi), pp. 124-34.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, ‘Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi Maqtul' in M. M. Sharif (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, I, 372-98.

---, ‘Al-ñusi Nasir al-Din', Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XIII, 508-14 (also gives an assessment of al-Tu`si`'s work on parallel postulate).

Nunn, T. Percy, ‘The Idealistic Interpretation of Einstein's Theory', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, XXII (1921-22), 127-30.

Obermann, J., ‘Political Theology in Early Islam, Hasan al-Basri's Treatise on Qadar', Journal of the American Oriental Society, LV (1935), 138-62.

Peyser, C. S., ‘Kohler, Wolfgang (1887-1967),' Encyclopedia of Psychology, II, 271.

Planck, Wilhelm, ‘Reformation', An Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Vergilius Ferm, pp. 640-42.

Poynting, J. Henry, ‘Atomic Theory (Medieval and Modern)', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 203b-210b.

Plessner, M., ‘Al-Jahiz', Dictionary of Scientific Biography, VII, 63-65 (focusses on Kitab al-Hayawan).

Qureshi, I. H., ‘Historiography', in M. M. Sharif (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, II, 1195-1219.

Reyburn, ‘Idealism and the Reality of Time', Mind, October 1913, pp. 493-508.

Reichenbach, Hans, ‘The Philosophical Significance of the Theory of Relativity', in H. Feigel & M. Brodbeck (eds.), Readings in the Philosophy of Science, pp. 195-211; also in P. A. Schilpp (ed.), Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, pp. 287-311.

Russell, Bertrand, ‘Relativity, Philosophical Consequences', Encyclopaedia Britannica (1953), XIX, 98d-100a.

Sabra, A. I., ‘Ibn al-Haytham', Dictionary of Scientific Biography, VI, 189-210. (Also gives an exhaustive bibliography including up-to-date information about MSS of Kitab al-Manazir).

Schimmel, A., ‘Some Thoughts About the Future Study of Iqbal', Iqbal (Iqbal Number), XXIV/4 (October 1977), 1-8.

Sharif, M. M., ‘Influence of Muslim Thought on the West', Section D: ‘Philosophical Influence from Descartes to Kant', idem (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, II, 1381-87.

Sheikh, M. Saeed, ‘Allama Iqbal's Interest in the Sciences' (Iqbal Memorial Lecture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 1988), Iqbal Review, XXX/i (April-June 1989), 31-43.

---, ‘Al-Ghazali: Metaphysics', section D: ‘Attack on the Philosophers', in M. M. Sharif (ed.) A History of Muslim Philosophy, I, 592-616.

---, ‘Al-Ghazali: Mysticism', ibid., I, 617-24.

---, ‘Philosophy of Man' (General Presidential Address, Pakistan Philosophical Congress, 1987), Iqbal Review, XXIX/i; (April-June, 1988), 3-16.

Siddiqi, Dr M. Razi-ud-Din, ‘Iqbal's Conception of Time and Space', Iqbal As A Thinker, pp. 1-40.

---, ‘Mathematics and Astronomy', in M. M. Sharif (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, II, 1277-92.

Smuts, J. C., ‘Holism', Encyclopaedia Britannica, XI, 640c-644a.

Stern, S. M., ‘Ibn al-Samh', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1956, pp. 31-44.

Syrier, Miya, ‘Ibn Khaldun and Mysticism', Islamic Culture, XXI/ii, (1947), 264-302.

Taylor, Alfred Edward, ‘Continuity', Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, IV, 89b-98a (inter alia Zeno of Elia's notion, 91-92 and Cantor's theory, 96b-98a).

Thomson, W., ‘Kharijitism and the Kharijites' in R. W. Barstrow (ed.), The Macdonald Presentation Volume, pp. 371-89.

Vernet, Juan, ‘Mathematics, Astronomy, Optics', in J. Schacht (ed.), The Legacy of Islam, pp. 461-89.

Watt, W. Montgomery, ‘The Political Attitudes of the Mu'tazilah', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1962, pp. 38-54.

Yazdani, Dr Khwajah Hamid, ‘Risalah dar Zaman-o-Makan', Al-Ma‘arif, XVII/7 (Lahore, July 1984), 31-42, 56 (Urdu trans. of Khwaja Muhammad Parsa's tractate on space and time based on the unique MS 707, Majami' Tal'at, Dar al-Kutub, Cairo).

Zedler, B. H., ‘Averroes and Immortality', New Scholasticism, 1954, pp. 436-53.