GLOSSARY 1 : English-English by Chapters

CHAPTER ONE

1 similar adj. same, nearly like
2 temperament n nature of a person.
3 lenient adj. not severe.
4 merciful adj. lenient.
5 solitude n being alone.
6 abstain v not to do something.
7 establish v set up.
8 complexion n colour of the skin on your face
9 slim adj. gracefully thin.
10 wise adj. having intelligence and common sense
11 solemn adj. grave.
12 seldom adv. rarely.
13 polytheistic adj. worshipping more than one God.
14 countrymen n persons of one's own country.
15 landlady n woman who owns land or houses.
16 lodging n rented room.
17 friendship n state of being friends.
18 reveal v Inspire.
19 validity n truth, correctness.
20 idolatry n worship of idols.
21 enthusiasm n great interest.
22 worshipping n praising and honouring.
23 suspicion n lack of trust.
24 drapery n trade of selling cloth.
25 successful adj. having gained a position.
26 trade n buying and selling.
27 customer n buyer.
28 preach v explain a religion and advise others to adopt it.
29 ardently adv. with warm emotion.
30 infidel n a person with no belief in a specific religion.
31 torturing n inflicting pain on someone as a punishment.
32 slave n person who belongs to and works for someone.
33 intervene v come in between.
34 release v set free.
35 brutally adv. cruelly.
36 whip v hit with a piece of leather.
37 tribe n group of people ruled by a chief.
38 refuge n place to hide.
39 shelter n refuge.
40 inhabit v to live in.
41 warring adj. fighting.
42 journey n trip.
43 experienced adj. skilled.
44 merchant n trader.
45 round trip n trip to a destination and back.
46 scoff at v make fun of in a nasty way.
47 sanity n being reasonable, mental health.
48 heavenly adj. from heaven.
49 revelation n knowledge given to the mind and soul by God.
50 ruthless adj. cruel, without pity.
51 emigrate v leave a country.
52 support v help.
53 anxiously adv. with a strong wish to do something.
54 besiege v surround by fighting men.
55 swordsman n person who fights well with a sword.
56 plot v draw up a wicked plan.
57 slip v go quietly.
58 depart v leave.
59 trick v deceive.
60 web n net spun by spiders.
61 fruitless adj. producing no result.
62 latter n second mentioned of two.
63 canopy n small roof over a platform.
64 erect v put up.
65 entrust v give someone the responsibility for something.
66 mantle n cloak.
67 earnest adj. serious.
68 courteously adv. respectfully.
69 disbeliever n infidel.
70 archer n person who shoots with a bow and arrow.
71 staunch adj. firm.
72 wage v fight (a war.)
73 era n long period of history.
74 vizier n minister in some Muslim country.
75 attempt v try.
76 stronghold n place considered as a center for a certain activity or belief.
77 negotiator n person who discusses to try to reach an agreement.
78 conquer v win land by force.
79 convince v persuade.
80 subdue v bring under one's power.
81 delegate n person who represents others at a meeting.
82 allegiance n faithfulness.
83 vital adj. very important.
84 household n family or people who live together in the same house.
85 everlasting adj. going on for ever.
86 summarize v make a brief account of something which is long.
87 recitation n something recited from memory.
88 fitter adj. more suitable.
89 task n work which has to be done.
90 emphatic adj. strong.

CHAPTER TWO

1 foundation n base.
2 far-flung adj. spread over a great distance.
3 enlightened adj. free from ignorance.
4 striking adj. remarkable.
5 sub-tribe n under-tribe
6 genealogist n one who knows families
7 trustworthy adj. which can be depended upon.
8 efficiency n ability to produce the required result easily.
9 release v set free.
10 unwavering adj. not hesitating.
11 attractive adj. pleasing.
12 sunken adj. deep.
13 forehead n part of the head between the eyes and the hair.
14 endowed with adj. having some good quality.
15 wide adj. large.
16 acquaintances n persons whom one knows.
17 tender-hearted adj. kind.
18 compassionate adj. merciful.
19 sympathize v show a feeling of pity or sorrow.
20 pity v feel sympathy for someone.
21 weep v cry.
22 captive n prisoner of war.
23 ransom n payment asked before a hostage is set free.
24 kind-hearted adj. tender-hearted.
25 win over v persuade by argument.
26 feud n continuous enmity.
27 rabbi n Jewish religious teacher.
28 undoubtedly adv. with no doubt. with certitude.
29 Old Testament n first section of the Bible.
30 slap v hit with the hand flat.
31 shouting adj. speaking aloud
32 contract n legal agreement.
33 cut off v separate.
34 agreement n written statement between two parties ac accepting certain conditions.
35 peaceful co-existence n living side by side without making war.
36 characteristic n special typical feature.
37 embrace v adopt.
38 meticulously adv. carefully paying attention to details.
39 launch v give a Start to.
40 for its sake n for its advantage.
41 fiercest adj. most ferocious, most violent.
42 waver v hesitate.
43 spiritually adv. dealing with the soul.
44 uplifted adj. given a feeling of happiness.
45 eclipsed adj. made to appear dull by comparison, outshone.
46 steadfastly adv. firmly.
47 illustrate v show.
48 wager n bet.
49 incessantadj. continuous.
50 prophesying v predicting, telling the coming of a future event by any procedure.
51 rout v defeat
52 ironically adv. in a mocking way.
53 significant adj. important, full of meaning.
54 impartiality n fairness.
55 redeem v buy freedom of.
56 oppression n ruling unjustly.
57 disobedient adv. paying no attention to orders.
58 differentiate v make a difference.
59 nationality n quality of belonging to a nation.
60 aware adj. knowing.
61 internationalism n the principle that nations should work together.
62 conversion n the turning of a person to another religion.
63 defection n going over to the side of the enemy.
64 esteemed adj. highly respected.
65 reverence n great respect.
66 respect n esteem.
67 obstinacy n resistance.
68 apostate n a man who has denied his religion.
69 burden n load.
70 shed v lose, throw off.
71 huge adj. big in size.
72 vow v make a solemn promise.
73 rebel n person who fights against the person in charge.
74 tremendous adj. enormous, very big.
75 firmness n solidity.
76 outstanding adj. excellent.
77 thoughtfully adv. with a lot of attention.
78 counsellor n adviser.
79 clemency n mercy.
80 at stake adj. in danger, at risk.
81 insurgent n rebel.
82 repent v be very sorry for something.
83 implicitly adv. without questioning.
84 deliberation n debate, discussion.
85 harsh adj. sharp, hard, cruel.
86 angrily ad v in an annoyed way.
87 right path n just way.
88 congregation n gathering of people.
89 praising adj. v expressing strong approval.
90 stress v emphasize.
91 whole-heartedly adv. completely.

CHAPTER THREE

1 bewildered adj. puzzled.
2 crisis n critical moment.
3 stretcher n portable bed with handles at each end for carrying sick people
4 funeral n ceremony when a dead person is buried.
5 elaborate adj. very detailed.
6 unanimously adv. all agreeing.
7 flock v move in a group.
8 oath n promise to be faithful.
9 separatism n political ideal of separating from a large country.
10 contribution n money etc... given to help something.
11 genuinely adv. truly.
12 cancel v stop something which has been planned.
13 retaliate v attack back.
14 mount v climb on.
15 endeavour n attempt.
16 stealthily adv. secretly.
17 harm n damage.
18 booty n treasure captured in war.
19 prelude n something which introduces something more important.
20 urging n pushing to do something. encouraging.
21 northwards adj. towards the North.
22 neighbourhood n area around a point or place.
23 nuisance n something annoying.
24 abolition n act of cancelling.
25 gather v come together.
26 pursue v chase.
27 ensue v follow.
28 inflate v blow up.
29 rearrange v set out in order again.
30 confiscate v take away someone's possessions as a punishment.
31 headquarters n main offices.
32 subjugate v subdue, conquer.
33 warning n notice of danger.
34 get rid of v make oneself free from.
35 prominent adj. famous.
36 dissident n one who does not agree with the state.
37 magnanimous adj. very generous.
38 reinforcement n new soldiers! to support others already fighting.
39 uttering adj. speaking.
40 battlefield n site of a battle.
41 flee v run away.
42 avenging adv. paying someone back for a crime.
43 betray v be disloyal.
44 scatter cause a group to run in all directions.
45 remnant n small part that remains.
46 hasten v move or act with speed.
47 powerful adj. having great power.
48 taunt v jeer at someone sarcastically.
49 perplexed adj. puzzled.
50 inquiry n formal investigation.
51 scandalous adj. disgraceful, shocking.
52 withdraw v pull back.
53 petition v make an official request.
54 summon v call.
55 rusty adj. (of metals) covered with a reddish coating caused by water or rain.
56 threateningly adv. with a warning.
57 disgraceful adj. which you should be ashamed of.
58 gloat v take pleasure at someone's misfortune.
59 skill n ability to do something expertly.
60 dispatch v send.
61 pug-nosed adj. with a short, snub nose.
62 claim v assert, state.
63 rudiment n simple elementary fact.
64 opportunist n person who takes advantage of circu- mstances.
65 luxuries n things that are pleasing to have, but not necessary.
66 dwell on v think a lot about.
67 nonsensical adj. absurd.
68 flare v to suddenly break out.
69 eloquent adj. able to make good and persuasive speeches.
70 assault n attack.
71 fetter n chain.
72 spare v keep from harming.
73 rivalry n competition.
74 massacre n killing of a lot of people.
75 fortified adj. made strong.
76 valiant adj. brave.
77 fling open v open suddenly or violently.
78 brandish v wave about.
79 thrust v push energetically.
80 cavalry n soldiers who fight on horseback.
81 treaty n agreement between peoples.
82 cunning adj. clever.
83 mediator n person who tries to make two opponents agree.
84 settlement n agreement over a dispute.
85 spoils n booty.
86 keen adj. eager.
87 orchard n piece of land with fruit trees.
88 fulfill v complete.
89 scared adj. frightened.
90 desperate adj. hopeless.
91 shallow adj. not deep.
92 annihilated adj. completely destroyed.
93 campaign n organized military movement.
94 nicknamed adj. given a name used instead of the real name.
95 disturbance n trouble.
96 expel v to force out.
97 feast n splendid meal.
98 chieftain n leader of a tribe.
99 dash v rush
100 treachery n deceit.

CHAPTER FOUR

1 vanquish v defeat.
2 peninsula n large piece of land jutting into the sea.
3 buffer n state between two areas of fighting.
4 brethren n brothers, members of same association.
5 nomad adj. travelling about, especially to find grass for the tribe's animals.
6 rural adj. not urban.
7 taxation n taxes.
8 arbitrary adj. taken at random.
9 gigantic adj. huge, colossal.
10 remove v take away.
11 ascend v mount.
12 resource n source of supply for what is needed.
13 raid n sudden attack.
14 beret n round cloth hat with no peak.
15 evaluated adj. calculated.
16 regiment n group of soldiers commanded by a colonel.
17 murdering n killing someone illegally.
18 dismount from v get off.
19 foe n enemy.
20 forelock n hair falling over the forehead.
21 gallop n fast ride on a horse.
22 plundered adj. seized.
23 heap n large pile.
24 retreating adj. withdrawing from a battle.
25 ill-prepared adj. not well prepared.
26 recruited adj. collected.
27 weigh up v examine all the arguments for and against.
28 strategy n planning of war.
29 ambush n surprise attack by hidden soldiers.
30 rear n back part.
31 stubborn adj. obstinate.
32 flow v move along smoothly.
33 barren adj. unable to have children or produce.
34 divert v to change direction.
35 convey v transport.
36 fate n destiny.
37 storm v capture by a strong attack.
38 willingly adj. eagerly.
39 dignitary n important person.
40 ditch n long trench alongside a road, for taking away water.
41 narrowest adj. the smallest from one side to another.
42 cohort n group of soldiers joined together.
43 overpower v to overcome.
44 obstinacy n firm attention.
45 juncture n place where routes join.
46 overjoyed adj. very pleased.
47 onslaught n fierce attack.
48 deputy n person who has the power to act for others.

CHAPTER FIVE

1 daring adj. courageous, risky.
2 merely indulging adj. simply enjoying the pleasure of.
3 raiding n attacking.
4 military tactic n way of using troops and guns in war.
5 in the vicinity of prep near.
6 lagging behind adj. walking slowly behind.
7 under the leadership of n under the orders of.
8 manoeuvering n moving so as to get an advantage over an enemy.
9 befall v happen.
10 muster v gather.
11 plateau n flat high area of land.
12 imminent adj. about to happen.
13 shrewd adj. wise.
14 evaporation n process of turning liquid into vapour.
15 offset adj. counterbalanced.
16 council of war n meeting of generals to discuss a coming battle.
17 zealously adv. eagerly.
18 reverse n contrary.
19 martyrdom n death for one's beliefs.
20 tighten v to make tight.
21 damp adj. wet.
22 drip v make water fall in drops.
23. conceal v to hide.

CHAPTER SIX

1 compiled adj. arranged.
2 parchment n skins of animals which have been treated for writing on.
3 lengthy adj. very long.
4 onerous adj. causing much care.
5 custody n charge, care.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1 faint v to lose consciousness.
2 bequeath v to leave property. money to someone when you die.
3 coffin n long wooden box in which a dead person is buried.
4 extravagance n excessive expense and luxury.
5 stunned adj. shocked.
6 coward n person who is not brave.
7 venerable adj. old and respected.