Khalifa Ali bin Talib

Table of Content

Birth of Ali
Parentage
Ancestry of Ali and the Holy Prophet
Date of birth
Birth of Ali
The Name
Years of Childhood
The Holy Prophet and Ali
Life in the desert
Induction of Ali as a member of the family of the Holy Prophet
The Umayyads versus the Hashimites
Ward of the Holy Prophet
Biographical study
The house of the Holy Prophet
Education of Ali
Trade journeys
Ali and the Kaaba
Ali and the Holy Prophet
Conversion to Islam
Turning point in history
The call to Prophethood
Converts to Islam
Early years of Islam
Invitation to Banu Hashim
Battle Between the truth and falsehood
The crisis
The Muslim Community
The Quraish in action
Migration to Abyssinia
Social boycott of Banu Hashim
The miracles of the Holy Quran
Maneuvers of the Quraish
Social boycott of Banu Hashim
Consequences of the social boycott
Ali
Year of Sorrow
The Holy Prophet and the Quraish
Bequest of Abu Talib
Death of Abu Talib
Death of Khadija
Farewell to Makkah
Turning point
The Quraish plot to assassinate the Holy Prophet
Frustration of the Quraish plot
Analysis of the events during the period 620-622 C.E.
Early Days in Madina
Life in Madina
Brotherhood between the emigrants and the Muslims of Madina
Implications of the pairing of the Holy Prophet and Ali
Masjid-i-Nabwi
Battle of Badr
Background
The Quraish caravan
The battle ground of Badr
The battle
Significance of the baffle of Badr
Marriage of Ali
Fatima
Preparation for the Marriage
The Marriage Khutba
Ideal Marriage
The Bani Qainuqa
The Jews in Madina
Animosity of the Jews
Ali and the Jews
Bani Qainuqa
The Battle of Uhud
Extension of the Battle of Badr
The Holy Prophet's preparation for the battle
The battlefield
The Duel
The battle
Assessment of the Battle of Uhud
Banu Nadeer
Banu Nadeer
The tragedy of Bir Maunah
The Holy Prophet's visit to Banu Nadeer
Expedition against Banu Nadeer
Battle of the Ditch
Background
Defense of Madina
The Ditch
The battle
Flight of the Quraish
Campaign Against Banu Mustaliq
Banu Mustaliq
Ayesha and her necklace
The Revelation
Bitterness between Ayesha and Ali
Banu Quraizah
The Jews settlements in Madina
Banu Quraizah
Operations against Banu Quraizah
End of Banu Quraizah
Operations Against Banu Sa'ad
Conspiracy of the Jews
Ali's operations
Some points about the operations
Treaty of Hudaibiya
Journey to Makkah
The Pledge
The treaty
Muslim reaction to the treaty
Battle of Khybar
The Khyber
The battle
Victor of Khyber
Conquest of Fidak
Consequences of the Battle of Khyber
Conquest of Makkah
Banu Khuza'ah
The Hudaibiya pact
March to Makkah
Destruction of the idols
Address to the people
Banu Jazima
The Battle of Hunain
Tribes of Hawazin and Thaqueef
The pass of Hunain
The Battle of Hunain
Confrontation at Autas
The siege of Taif
The siege of Taif
Operations of Ali
Conversion of the people of Taif to Islam
Return to Madina
Campaign Against Banu Tai
Hatim Tai
Adi
Flight of Ad
Christians of Najran
Christians tribes
Christians of Najran
The Christian deputation
Dispute with the Christians
The Mubahila
Banu Zabada
Umar b Madi kurb
Action against Banu Zabada
Expedition to Tabuk
Wars between the Byzantines and the Persians
Expedition to Tabuk
Ali as Governor of Madina
The Tabuk campaign
Holy Prophet's address at Tabuk
Return from Tabuk
The Declaration of Discharge
Abu Bakr as Amirul Hajj
The Revelation
Ali
Declaration of Discharge
Importance of the Declaration
Ali's claim to the caliphate
Banu Ramla
Banu Ramla
Campaigns against Banu Ramla
Expedition under Ali
Mission to Yemen
Khalid b Walid's mission to Yemen
The mission of Ali
Strategy of Ali
The Farewell Pilgrimage
The pilgrimage
The Caravan
Dhul Hulaifa
Makkah and Mina
Farewell address
The Revelation
Reaction of the Companions
Khum Ghadir
The Revelation
Address of the Holy Prophet
The Controversy
Death of the Holy prophet
Illness of the Holy Prophet
The Holy Prophet's Address
And Allah rewarded the Thankful
The Caliphate of Abu Bakr
Election of Abu Bakr as the Caliph
Ali's reaction to the election of Abu Bakr
Offer of allegiance to Ali by 1bn Abbas and Abu Sufyan
Property of Fidak
Activities of Ali during the caliphate of Abu Bakr
Fatima Zahra
Death of Fatima
Ali's grief at the death of Fatima
Married life of Ali and Fatima
Fatima Zahra-assessment
Ali's Oration on the Death of Abu Bakr
Ali's Oration
The Caliphate of Umar
Nomination of Umar as the Caliph
Battle of Yermuk
Conquest of Jerusalem
Ornaments of Ka'aba
The Hijri era
Counsels of Ali in Judicial Matters
Claim to Property
Ali's observations on the death of Umar
Ali During the Caliphate of Othman
Election of Othman as the Caliph
Activities of Ali during the caliphate of Othman
Abu Dhar Ghifari
The Revolt
Inquiry into complaints
Assassination of Othman
Election of Ali as the Caliph
Anarchy
No candidate for election
Election of Ali
The Dissidents
Address of Ali
Helplessness of Ali
The Caliphate Issue
The Controversy
Right to succeed
Will of the Holy Prophet
Will of Allah
Islamic Concept of office
Relationship of Ali with his predecessors
Nature of the issue
Vengeance for the Blood of Othman
Cry for vengeance for the blood of Othman
Nature of the crime of the assassination of Othman
Purpose of the cry for vengeance
Alterior motive
Deposition of Provincial Governors
Proposal to depose the provincial governors
Mughira b Shuaba
Abdullah b Abbas
Orders for the deposition of Governors
Defection of Syria and Kufa
Defiance of Muawiyah
Challenge for Ali
Proclamation of Jihad
Defection of Talha and Zubair
Talha and Zubair
Talha and Zubair's oath of allegiance to Ali
Defection of Talha and Zubair
Ali's letter to Talha and Zubair
Ali's address about the defection of Talha and Zubair
Ayesha
Ayesha and Ali
Ayesha in Makkah
The call to war
The plan of war
Ayesha's March to Basra
The Proclamation
The Army
Ayesha's address to the troops
The Day of tears
Desertions from the army of the confederates
Ayesha at Hau'ab
Destination-Basra
Battle for Basra
Delegation from Basra
Othman b Hanif prepares for war.
The battle
The truce
Ayesha's Occupation of Basra
Emissary to Madina
War in Basra
Hakim b Jabala
Administration of Basra
Ali's March to Rabda
Ali's plan of action
Ali at Rabda
Banu Tai
Letters to Othman b Hanif, Governor of Basra
Need for reinforcements
Ali's Missions to Kufa
Abu Musa Ashari
Muhammad b Jafar and Muhammad b Abn Bakr's mission to Kufa
The mission of Ibn Abbas
Mission of Imam Hasan
Pro-Ali Government in Kufa
Ali's March to Basra
Welcome to the men from Kufa
The army of Ali
Camp at Dhulkan
On the way to Basra
Camp at Basra
Peace Parleys
Ali's quest for peace
Ali's mission to Ayesha
The issues
Vengeance for the blood of Othman
Promoting the cause of Islam
Reaction of Ayesha
The Battle of the Camel
Negotiations for peace
The Regicides
The Battle
End of the battle
Ali's Occupation of Basra
Burial of the dead
Treatment of the people of Basra
Occupation of Basra
Ayesha
Consequences of Ali's victory in the battle of the Camel
Kufa, the New Capital
Kufa, the new capital
Characteristics of Kufa and its people
Ali at Kufa
Qais Bin Saad Ansari
Importance of Egypt
Qais bin Sa'ad
Affairs of Egypt
Intrigues of Muawiyah
Deposition of Qais
Qais and Ali
Muawiyah
Muawiyah's early life
Character of Muawiyah
Conflict between Ali and Muawiyah
Strategy of Muawiyah
Amr Bin Al-Aas
Amr b Al-Aas, pre-lslamic period
Conversion to Islam
Amr's opposition to Othman
Caliphate of Ali
Muawiyah and 'Amr b Al-Aas
In Quest of Peace with Muawiyah
The task before Ali
Envoy to Syria
Muawiyah's envoy
Letters of Ali Addressed to Muawiyah
Letters of Ali
Finality of the election of the Caliph
Criticism of Muawiyah
Delivery of the murderers of Othman
Challenge to Muawiyah
Partition of the Muslim state
Ali and his predecessors
Ali's March to Syria
Ali's army
March through the desert
Miracle of the well
Onward to Siffin
The Battle for water
Muawiyah's command of water supply
Negotiation for access to water supply
Battle for water
Months of Suspense
The Armies
Overtures for peace
The Battle of Siffin
Hostilities on a limited scale
The main battle
The main battle
The ruse of the Syrians
The revolt in Ali army
Arbitration Agreement
Significance of the display of the leaves of the Holy Quran
Ash'as b Qais
Causes of the helplessness of Ali
Arbitration Deed
The Umpires
The Kharijites
The Return March
The Khawarij
Ali and the Kharijites
Testament of Ali
Testament of Ali
The Hereafter
Virtue and faith
Protection of God
The elders
Your own way
Tests of God
Resignation to the Will of God
Allah is One
Picture of the world
Balance between yourself and the people
Self adulation
The journey to the Hereafter
Access to God
Preparations for death
Temptations of the world
Counsels to follow
Speech and silence
Man and God
Company
The fate
The times
Sustenance
Patience and faith
Words of counsel
Conclusion
The Arbitration
Meeting of the Umpires
Arbitration Proceedings
Announcement
Ali's letter to Abu Musa
The Battle of Nahrawan
Ali's reaction to the Arbitration decision
The Kharijites
The Battle of Nahrawan
Ali's loss Egypt
Muhammad b Abu Bakr
Malik Ashtar
The fall of Egypt
Helplessness of Ali
Trouble in Basra
Strategy of Muawiyah
Trouble in Basra
Death of al Hadrami
Abdullah b Abbas
Revolt of Khurrit bin Rashid
Khurrit b Rashid
Flight of Khurrit
The Battle of Ahwaz
Raids of Muawiyah
Raids on Iraq
Expedition to Hijaz
Basr's expedition to Yemen
Ali's counter attack
Consequences of the raids of Muawiyah
Martyrdom of Ali - 661 CE
The Kharijite plot
Muawiyah and his assassin
'Amr b Al-A'as and his assassin
Assassination of Ali
Will of Ali
Hasan's oration on the death of Ali
His burial
Fate of the assassin of Ali
Elegy on the death of Ali
Life of Ali, General overview
The Biographer and his hero
Biography and History
Greatness of Ali
Periods in the life of Ali
Causes for the non success of Ali from the worldly point of view
Opposition of the Quraish
Ali, The Man
Physical appearance
Wives and children of Ali
Distinctions of Ali
Man of many distinctions
His birth
His relationship with the Holy Prophet
His valor
His knowledge
His spiritual attainments
His Appellations
Ali in the Holy Quran
References to Ali in
the Holy Quran
Verse 33, Sura 33
Verse 61, Sura 3
Verse 23, Sura 42
Verse 21, Sura 45
Verse 17, Sura 11
Verse 4, Sura 66
Verse 18, Sura 32
Verse 54, Sura 25
Verse 36, Sura 24
Verse 55, Sura 5
Verse 12, Sura 58
Verse 181, Sura 7
Verse 57, Sura 43
Verse 29, Sura 48
Verse 43, Sura 13
Verse 64, Sura 8
Ali, The Father of Sufism
Father of Sufism
The Holy Prophet and Sufism
Gnosis of God
Prayers to God
Communion with God
Doctrine of preference
Fasting
Zakat
Pilgrimage
Jihad
Repentance
Detachment
Patience
Ali, The Gate of Knowledge
The learning of Ali
His concept of Knowledge
Superiority of knowledge over wealth
Ali The Poet
Ali as a poet
Ali's Dewan
Samples of the poetry of Ali
Ali, The Generous
Ali's generosity
Preference for the supplicant to one's own Deeds
God accepted Ali's charity
Manifold return for chartiy
A legend of the generosity of Ali
He gave his gold ring to the beggar
He undertook to pay the debt of a dead Muslim
He paid for the dates
Administrative Instruction of Ali
Administrative instructions
Instructions to Malik Ashtar
Instructions to Abdullah b Abbas
Letter to Ziyad b Abiya
Instructions to the Collectors of Zakat
Judgments of Ali
Ali as a Judge
The story of loaves
Dispute about a child
Dispute about the custody of money
How Ali detected the murder
The Cow and the Ass
Mad woman accused of adultery
Child born in six months after marriage
Share in the property of a deceased husband for a divorced wife
The man who stole his coat of mail
Ali's Conduct of Wars
Ali's instructions for the conduct of war
Instructions to his son Muhammad Hanifa
Instructions to the Generals of the border forces
Treatment for the rebels
Instruction to the army
Strategy for crisis
Prayers of Ali
Social and Ethical Thought of Ali
Thought of Ali
Friends of Allah
Momins and hypocrites
Faqih
Justice and mercy
The world and the Hereafter
Momin and an infidel
Proximity to the ruler
Haste
Faith and faithlessness
Philosophy
Forgiveness
Secret of success
Kinds of patience
Wealth and poverty
Faith
Momin
Perfection
Heresy
Seven things of the devil
Generosity
Tauhid
Justice
Broadmindedness
Wealth and health
Two types of subsistence
Truth and falsehood
Things that are the best
Things to which nothing is better
Success and failure
Person doomed to ignominy
Three friends
Three foes
Two types of men
Greetings and favor
Humiliation
Two hungry persons
Miser
Offshoots of patience
Miserliness, patience, piety and cowardice
The greatest and the vilest
Companies to be avoided
Two things to be afraid of
The worst enemies
Things that are worse
Political Thought of Ali
Ali as political thinker
State and Government
Caplih
The people
Taxation
Functionaries of the State
Foreign policy
Ali's concept of God
Ali's concept of God
When did God exist
Protection of God
Counsels of All with reference to God
Ali's prayer to God
Ali on the Life of the World
Life in this world, and Life in the world Hereafter
Evil of the world
The World and the Hereafter
Transitory character of the World
Anecdotes of Ali
He decried flattery
He denounced praise
He would carry his own burden
He did not want the people to follow in his retinue
He prayed for patience to bear suffering
His complaint against his people
He rode on a mule instead of a horse
He would never turn his back to the enemy
He would not seek a concession
He preferred his slave to himself
He had no ambition for the caliphate
He freed the slave who did not respond to his call
He saw God with inward eyes
He lost consciousness while praying
He would not pay the enemy in its own coin
He preferred his men to himself
Two wrongs cannot make a right
He was dispirited because he had no guest
He wore dress of coarse cloth
He wanted to travel light
He would not break open the lock of the shop of God
He was not afraid of death
He did not care for the booty
He would not own the treasure in the land that he had purchased
He undertook to clear the debt of a dead Muslim
He would not accept the allegiance from whom he had released
He did not believe in the prognostication of the astrologer
He would take no precaution to protect himself
People stood in the way of his right
Spacious house
Renunciation, not the way of Islam
Hosting dinner
He could still wield the sword
Similes of Ali
Similes of Ali
The world
Falsehood
The unbelievers
The people who did not respond to his call
The tree and the fruit
The people of Basra
People of the age of ignorance
The people of Kufa
Mughira b Shu'aba
The people who run after the world
The people who are not deceived by the world
Ali's complaint against the Umayyads
Falsehood of Muawiyah
Shedding of Sins through prayer
Cleanliness and prayers
Crumbs after the meals
The people who did not respond to his call
Heart of the people
Ignorant persons
Ashas b Qais
Patience and faith
Disease and sins
Death of the virtuous
Days of life
Devotion to the world
Seekers of the world
Virtue of silence
Thirsty camels on a water pond
The caliphate of Umar
Umayyad use of the Baitul Mal
Withholdiog the milk of the she camel from its young one
Handle of the grinding stone
The simile of a sinner
Drops of rain
The summer clouds
Goat and the lion
Taking the thorn out of the foot with a thorn
Solution of the salt in water
Bull with crooked horns
Shaking of Plants
Pregnant women separated from the child
Household of the Holy Prophet
Foaming waves of the Holy Prophet
Sayings of Ali
His Sayings
Assessment of Ali by Eminent Muslims
Abdullah b Masud
Abu Saeed Khudri
Imam Hanbal
Ibn Athir
Darema
Ibn Nadim
Umar b Abdul Aziz
Masudi
Shah Wali Ullah
Syed Amir Ali
Ata Mohyuddin
Allama Iqbal
Assessment of Ali by Western Scholars
Philip Hitti
Sir William Muir
Charles Mills
Professor Nicholson
John J. Pool
Edward Gibbon
Thomas Carlyle
Dr. Heary Stubbe
Major Price
J. J. Saunders